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PCBS ee saliida Transformer: Codsiyada iyo Khataraha

Jun 10, 2025

Fariin ku dhaaftid

Tusmada
  1. 1.Waa maxay PCBs?
  2. 2.Horical ISTICMAALKA PCBS ee saliida Transformer
  3. 3.hazards ee PCBS
  4. 4.2- Hababka Cudurka PCB ee loo yaqaan 'PCB' ee loo yaqaan 'PCB' ee saliida Transformer
  5. 5.PCB mamnuucida iyo xaalada hada
  6. 6.pcb hababka ka saarida iyo qawaaniinta
  7. 1.Regal Shuruudaha
  8. 8. Ikhtiyaarada PCB Transbformer Printort
  9. Gabagabo

PCBS ee saliida Transformer: Codsiyada iyo Khataraha

 

pcbs

1.Waa maxay PCBs?

 

Polychloring biphinyls (PCBS)Waa koox kiimikooyin dabiici ah oo isku-dhafan oo si weyn loogu adeegsaday codsiyada warshadaha iyo ganacsiyada sababtoo ah xasilloonida kiimikada awgeed, guryaha daadashada, iyo iska caabinta ololka. Waxay ka kooban tahay moleecules moleecules leh heerar kaladuwan oo ah beddelka koloriin, PCBs waxay ku badan tahay qalabka korantada (tusaale, transformersers iyo dammaanad-qaadyo), nidaamyada biyo-mareenka, iyo adeegsiga kale ee warshadaha. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ahKu adkaysiga deegaanka, suuragalka bioccum, iyo saamaynta sunta ah- oo ay ku jiraan carcinogenicicity iyo carqaladeynta endocrine - PCBs-ka PCBs laga mamnuucay dalal badan qarnigii 20aad qarnigii 20aad ee ka dambeeya heshiisyada caalamiga ah sidaShirweynaha Stockholm ee ku saabsan wasakhda joogtada ah ee dabiiciga ah (pops).

In kasta oo uu wejigooda {{0} faddaraynta PCB uu wali yahay walaac weyn oo laga qabo deegaanka iyo caafimaadka bulshada, ee u baahan qorshe adag, qashin-qubka, iyo tallaabooyinka dib-u-dawada. Daraasad joogto ah ayaa sii socota si ay u qiimeyso mudada dheer {{} saameyn ku yeelata teeramka iyo horumarinta farsamooyinka sharafta sare leh. Hay'adaha sharciyeynta adduunka waxay xoojinayaan tilmaamaha xasaasiga ah si loo maareeyo PCB-ga jira {{4} ee ay ku jiraan qalab lagana hortago siidaynta deegaanka.

2.Horical ISTICMAALKA PCBS ee saliida Transformer

Laga soo bilaabo 1930-meeyadii illaa 1970-yadii, PCBs-ka ayaa si aad ah loogu daray si loo beddelo saliidaha Transformerformer sababtoo ah dhismahooda jir-dhinaciisa ee u gaarka ah. Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee ay ka mid ahaayeen:

Heer sare ahDhismaha Dielecticries

Dielectric-ka sare ee joogtada ah ayaa si wax ku ool ah uga hortagay baxsiga hadda jira iyo daadashada

01

Xasilloonida kuleylka sare

Caabbinta si loo jajabiyo heerkulka sare ee ku habboon hawlgallada Transformer

02

Tilmaanta kiimikada

Caabbinta loo yaqaan 'oksity' iyo nabaad-guurka nolosha adeegga saliida ee daba dheeraaday

03

Caabbinta dabka

Nabdoonaanta dabka dabka ee isbeddelay

04

Khilaafaadka hoose

Yaraanta binacadaha saliida

05

3.hazards ee PCBS

Environmental Impacts

Saamaynta Deegaanka

 

  1. Joogtada ah ee sunta dabiiciga ah: Aad ugu adkaysteen nabaad-guurka dabiiciga ah oo leh kala badh {{0}
  2. Bioccumumbulation: Biyo-Bilaagnaan kartaa malaayiin jeer oo malaado ah oo loo maro silsiladaha cuntada
  3. Dheer - ah: Waxay ku faafin kartaa adduunka oo dhan iyada oo loo marayo jawiga iyo biyaha, xitaa gaariga gobollada Polar
  4. Ciidda iyo biyo wasakhaysan: Ka soo baxa PCB - oo ay ku jiraan transformpormers-yadu waxay sababaan muddo dheer - muddada wasakheynta deegaanka

Saamaynta caafimaad

 

  1. Carcinogenicicity: Waxaa loo kala saaray kooxda 1 Carcinogens by IARC
  2. Carqaladeynta endocrine: Faragalinta hormoonnada tayroodh, estrogen iyo howlaha kale ee endocrine
  3. Neurotoxicity: Waxay saameyneysaa horumarka neerfaha ee carruurnimada iyo shaqada garashada
  4. Tallaal: Waxay yareysaa caabbinta cudur
  5. Sunta sunta taranka: Waxay saameysaa dhalmada iyo horumarka uurjiifka
  6. Saameynta maqalka: Xiriirku wuxuu sababi karaa chlorakne iyo ciladaha kale ee maqaarka

pcb Health Effects

no pcb

 

4.2- Hababka Cudurka PCB ee loo yaqaan 'PCB' ee loo yaqaan 'PCB' ee saliida Transformer

Farsamooyinka falanqaynta casriga ah ee lagu ogaanayo PCB ee saliidaha Transformformers waxaa ka mid ah:

  1. Koromatography gaas (GC):
    • Sare {0 0}}} GC (HRGC)
    • GC -} Spectrometry (GC - Ms)
  2. ISKUUlka:
    • Enzyme -}} commosorbent-ka iskuxiran ee is-xakamaynta (Elisa)
  3. Qaababka baaritaanka ee garoonka:
    • La qaadan karo x - raylorescescence (XRF)
    • Xargaha Tijaabada IS ISEMASSAY
  4. Qaababka kale:
    • Speceroscopy-ka
    • Sare -} ah} chromatography waxqabadka (hplc)

Heerarka falanqaynta ee caadiga ah waxay caadiyan raacaan tilmaamaha IEC ama qaababka naadiga qaranka sida Habka EPA 8082.

 

5.PCB mamnuucida iyo xaalada hada

Maaddaama khataraha PCB dib loo aqoonsaday, wajiga caalamiga ah - ayaa ka baxsan ay bilaabeen 1970-yadii-1980-meeyadii:

  1. Mareykanka: Soosaarka PCB ayaa laga mamnuucay TSCA 1979
  2. Midowga Yurub: Wejiga qalabka loo yaqaan 'PCB' ee PCB PASE - ee laga bilaabo bilowgii 1985
  3. Maacuun: Ku taxay PCBs-ka ah 12 pops ee bilowga ah ee lagu xakameeyay Shirweynaha Stockholm ee 2000
  4. Wareeg ah: Waxaa lagu soo daray 12-kii Pops ee asalka ah ee ka hooseeya Shirweynaha Stockholm ee 2001

 

Transformers casriga ah ee casriga ahi kuma jiraan PCBs, taasoo ka faa'iideysanaya cabitaanno kale oo aamin ah halkii. Si kastaba ha noqotee, qalabka dhaxalka ayaa wali ka koobnaan kara haraaga PCB ee u baahan maareyn gaar ah.

oil immersed transformer

transformer oil

 

6.pcb hababka ka saarida iyo qawaaniinta

PCB Thingect vitholojiyada

  1. Qaababka jirka:
    • AdSoorption (Kaarboonkii firfircoon, Resins)
    • Iscir
    • Xuubka xuubka
  2. Hababka kiimikada:
    • Saldhigga -} jahwareer libaax ah (BCD)
    • Hantida loo yaqaan 'Resox'
    • Soo saarista dareeraha
    • Biyaha supercritical
  3. Hababka bayoolojiga:
    • Nabaad-guurka microbial
    • -Hoos u dhaca
  4. Daaweynta kuleylka:
    • High-temperature incineration (>1200 darajo oo tas-hiilaad gaar ah leh)
    • Plasma arc daaweynta

 

1.Regal Shuruudaha

Xaashida qashinka ee PCB waxay daba socotaa shuruudaha adag ee caalamiga ah:

  • Ka shaqeynta xarumaha shatiga leh oo keliya
  • Buuxa -}}} dukumiinti silsilad ah iyo raad raac
  • Mamnuucida qashin-qubka aan la xakameyn karin ama qashin-qubka
  • Hay'adaha daaweynta daaweynta waa inay buuxiyaan heerarka amniga
  • Xarumuhu waa inay baaraan timaada xakamaynta wasakhowga

mineral oil

8. Ikhtiyaarada PCB Transbformer Printort

 

Maareynta dheecaanka dheecaanka casriga ah ee casriga ah ayaa u wareegeysay beddelka deegaanka ee deegaanka:

Saliidaha macdanta:

  • Si weyn loo safeeyay
  • Lafiqi karo
  • Qiimaha - waxtar leh

Esters Synthetic:

  • Dhibco aad u sarreeya
  • Lafiqi karo
  • Xasillooni heer sare ah

Estaronaha dabiiciga ah:

  • Saliidda cuntada - ah oo ku saleysan (rapsese, soybean)
  • Si buuxda u siiya bioder
  • Dhibcaha Dabka Sare
  • Cusboonaysiinta kor u cusbooneysiinta

Dheecaannada Silicone:

  • Kimikal ahaan
  • Si dhakhso ah u deggan
  • Sunta hoose

Dareeraha qulqulaya:

  • Xasillo aad u daran
  • Non - ololi kara
  • Qiimaha Sare

Qalalan -} nooca transformers:

Jooji culimada dareeraha ah

Ka saar khatarta sunta saliida

Ku habboon jawiga xasaasiga ah

In kasta oo qaababkaasi ay yeelan karaan qaar ka mid ah ganacsiga waxqabadka -} marka loo eego PCBS, waxay matalaan heerka warshadaha markay tixgelinayaan arrimaha caafimaadka deegaanka. Naqshadeynta Transformer ee casriga ah ayaa sidoo kale magdhaw ka bixinaya hagaajinta qaboojinta iyo nidaamyada dahabka ee la hagaajiyey ee yareeya ku tiirsanaanta ku tiirsanaanta guryaha dareeraha ah.

Gabagabo

Taariikhda PCBS ee Transformers waxay muujineysaa isbeddelka fahamka halista kiimikada inta lagu jiro horumarka warshadaha. Laga soo bilaabo adeegsiga bilowga ah ee 'kimikooyinka mucjiso' ee mamnuucista caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan joogtaynta, bioccumum iyo suntaas, kiiskan ayaa hoosta ka xariiqay muhiimadda ay leedahay isu-dheellitirka waxqabadka teknolojiga. Qeybta korantada ayaa sameysay noocyo badan oo badbaado leh oo wax ku ool ah oo wax ku ool ah iyadoo la xoojinayo maaraynta qalabka loo yaqaan 'PCB PCB'. Saxaafada mustaqbalka Dielectric Media waxay sii wadi doontaa isbeddelka hufnaanta, badbaadada iyo joogtaynta deegaanka sida qawaaniintu u adkeyso iyo teknolojiyadda horay loo sii socdo.

PCBs in transformers

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