Tilmaanta Tijaabooyin kala duwan oo loogu talagalay Transforms
Jun 05, 2025
Fariin ku dhaaftid
I. Tijaabada joogtada ah ee loo yaqaan 'Pad' - Transforms
Pad -} Transforms Produtforms-ka oo lagu dhejiyay taxane ahTijaabada joogtada ahKahor intaadan ka tagin warshadda si loo hubiyo waxqabadka saxda ah, badbaadada, iyo isku halaynta adeegga. Waxyaabaha soo socdaa waa sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ah tijaabada caadiga ah ee joogtada ah:
1. Imtixaanka Iidajidka
Ujeeddo:
Si loo cabbiro caabbinta sare ee sare iyo hoose-}}} weelal korantada, hubinta arrimaha sida kala-goysyada saboolka ah, isku xirnaanta kuwa saboolka ah, ama la-soo-rogayaasha.
Hab:
- Isticmaal aDC Bridge ama Micro micro -} ohmmeterin la cabbiro.
- Cabbiraadaha waa in lagu qaadaa gobolka qabow (heerkulka qolka), iyo heerkulka waa in loo diiwaangaliyaa sixitaanka.
- Cabbir marxalad kasta oo ku saabsan labadaba mid sare iyo hoose-}} dhinacyada korantada.
- Qiimaha iska caabbinta ee wejiyada u dhigma waa inay lamid ahaadaan.
- Tijaabadu hadda waa 10% -15% ee lagu qiimeeyay hadda.


2. Tijaabada saamiga
Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo in saamiga leexashada ee u dhexeeya kan sare iyo kan hoose-}}} xaga dabaysha leh oo u dhigma faahfaahinta naqshadeynta.
Hab:
- Isticmaal aTirtir tijaabada saamiga (TTR).
- Tijaabi dhammaan wejiyada (a, b, c) iyo dhammaan jagooyinka tuubooyinka.
- Ka-leexashada la ogolaan karo waa caadi ahaan ± 0.5%.
- Farqiga u dhexeeya farqiga u dhexeeya wejiyada ayaa muujin kara ciladaha dabaysha ama xiriirada khaldan.
3. Dib-u-habeyn iyo imtixaanka xiriirka wajiga
Ujeeddo:
Si loo hubiyo in xidhiidhka saxda ah ee xidhiidhka saxda ah iyo xiriirka wejiga, gaar ahaan muhiim u ah isbarbardhiga.
Hab:
- Codso koronto yar (tusaale, 100v ac) ilaa sare - dhinaca korantada leh oo cabir korantada ee hoos udhaca hoose ee {{}} dhinaca korantada.
- Go'aaminta bal in transformer uu leeyahayXadhig ama kala-goyn la'aan.
- Saddex {{0}-} cutubyada wejiga, xaqiiji taxanaha wejiga saxda ah.


4. Maya {- xamuul lumis iyo ixtiraam la'aan hadda jirta
Ujeeddo:
Si loo cabiro khasaaraha xudunta (birta) iyo magnettizising-ka iyo magnet-ka ee hadda ka hooseeya -}
Hab:
- Codso korantada lagu qiimeeyay si sare-} ah dhinaca korantada inta aad ku sii hayo hooseysa- Dhinaca korantada furan.
- Cabir awooda gelinta (maya - luminta xamuulka) iyo gelinta hada (raaxada hada).
- Falaagada hadda waa inay caadi ahaan ka yaraataa 2% -5% ee lagu qiimeeyay hadda.
- Sare No - Khasaaraha Loation waxay muujin kartaa farqiga udhaxeeya wadajirka ah, dahaarka liita, ama silicon bir ah.
5. Xamuul lumis iyo tijaabada korantada
Ujeeddo:
Si loo go'aamiyo khasaaraha naxaasta ah (I²R) iyo korantada oo carqalad ku ah xaaladaha xaaladaha.
Hab:
- Hal dhinac oo gaagaaban (badiyaa {{0}-}} korantada), ka dibna ku duruar dhinaca kale ee dhinaca kale ah ilaa qulqulka hadda jira.
- Cabbir korantada soo galida, hadda, iyo awooda si loo xisaabiyo khasaare xasaasi ah.
- Xisaabi korantada dhiirrigelinta (boqolkiiba boqolleyda korantada lagu qiimeeyay).
- Khilaafaadka ayaa muhiim u ah khaladka xisaabinta hadda jira iyo isuduwidda hawlgalka ee isbarbar socda.


6.
Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo awooda dielctric and ee nidaamka dahaarka oo la ogaado wixii cilado ah.
Hab:
- Codso 50/60 hzAC koronto sarexaga dabaysha 1 daqiiqo.
- Heerarka korantada waxay raacaan heerarka (tusaale ahaan, IEC 60076), sida 50 kV wax ka yar ama le'eg tahay 35kv transform-ga fasalka 35kv.
- Fasax ama burburin waa inay dhacdaa inta baaritaanka lagu jiro.
- Tallaabooyinka saxda ah ee saboolka iyo amniga waa in la hubiyaa kahor.
7. Tijaabada suurtagalka ah ee suurtagalka ah
Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo xoogga dahabka ee u dhexeeya wareegga iyo inta u dhexeysa dabaylaha.
Hab:
- Codso koronto sarelabanlaab soo noqnoqda ee la qiimeeyay (tusaale, 100 hz)ilaa hoose {{0}-} dabaylaha korantada si ay uga soo qaadatoLaba jeer korantadadusha sare {0}-} dabaylaha korantada.
- Muddada imtixaanka waa 60 ilbiriqsi.
- Loogu talagalay in lagu muujiyo leexashada - si {{} {{} {{} {{} {{} {{} {{} {{} {{} {} u beddelo daciifnimada dantaa.
- Qayb ka mid ah dheecaanka qayb ahaan, Flash, ama burburin waa inay dhacdaa.


8. Biyo-bixitaannada taangiga (cadaadiska)
Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo daacadnimada shaabadaysan ee haanta transformer-ka si looga hortago daadinta saliida iyo qoyaanka qoyaanka.
Hab:
- Ka buuxi haanta0.2-0.35 MPA hawada ama nitrogen, xakamee cadaadiska 12-24 saacadood.
- U isticmaal xalka saabuun ama qalabka wax soo daadshada elektiroonigga ah si aad u baarto welwerka iyo kala-goysyada meelaha xumbada ah.
- Bedel ahaan, samee aHyddrostatic (cadaadiska dareeraha)saliid.
- Ma jiro wax cilad ah ama daadad ah oo la oggol yahay.
Shaxda Kooban ee Tijaabada Joogtada ah
|
Maya. |
Tijaabo |
Ujeeddo |
Soo Koobid Habka |
|
1 |
Caabbitaanka Dabaysha |
Hubi is-dhexgalka dabaysha iyo tayada xiriirka |
Cabir caabbinta DC wejiga |
|
2 |
Saamiga isu roga |
Xaqiiji saamiga saxda ah ee u dhexeeya HV iyo LV |
Isticmaal tijaabada saamiga ee loo yaqaan 'TRENS' (TTR) |
|
3 |
Xadgudubka iyo Xiriirka Marxaladda |
Hubso in saxitaanka saxitaanka iyo wejiga loogu talagalay isticmaalka isbarbar dhiga |
Imtixaanka iyo imtixaanka wejiga |
|
4 |
Maya - xamuul lumis & hadaba |
Hubi tayada asaasiga ah iyo kulanka |
Codso korantada qiimeeyay oo cabbiraadda luminta / hadda |
|
5 |
Xadhiga luminta & korantada |
Cabir khasaaraha naxaas ah iyo carqalad |
Gaagaaban |
|
6 |
AC oo adkeysi u leh korantada |
Xaqiiji in lagula taliyo |
Codso korantada sare ee AC ee 1 daqiiqo |
|
7 |
Tijaabada suurtagalka ah |
Hubi leexashada - ilaa - leexashada iyo Inter {{2- |
Codso sareeya -} soo noqnoqoceed, sare {1- Tijaabada korantada |
|
8 |
Biyo-daadinta taanta (Imtixaanka Cadaadis) |
Hubso in aysan jirin wax saliid ah oo saliid ah |
Imtixaanka Cadaadiska Gaaska ama Hydrostatic |
II. Nooca tijaabada ah ee pad - ah
Nooca tijaabooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyaa aQeybta Wakiilkaee taxanaha isbadalka si loo xaqiijiyo in qaabeynta uu buuxiyo waxqabadka waxqabadka iyo badbaadada ee ku hoos jira xaalado aad u xun ama xaalado cayiman. Imtixaannadan laguma sameeyo cutub kasta, laakiin hal unug oo muunad ah oo laga soo qaado khadka sheyga. Tijaabada nooca ugu weyn ee loo yaqaan 'pad' - Gawaarida loo yaqaan 'toberiforms' waxaa ka mid ah:
🧪1. Tijaabada Kordhinta heerkulka
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo in dabaylaha lagu beddelo iyo saliida saliida ay ku hayaan xadidan heerkul ah oo la aqbali karo oo xaddidan oo la qiimeeyay, hubinta cimri dheeri ah {}}}}}}}.
🔧Habka:
- Isticmaashokorantada lagu qiimeeyay iyo culeyska lagu qiimeeyay haddaheerkulka qolka.
- Ku shaqee isbedelka si isdaba joog ah ilaa inta la gaaro kuleylka kuleylka ah (caadi ahaan 8-10 saacadood).
- Cabir:
- Heerkulka dabaysha kor u kacaiyada oo loo marayo isbedelka iska caabinta (habka aan tooska ahayn).
- Heerkulka saliida ee ugu sareeyaAdeegsiga heerkulbeegyada ama dareemayaasha heerkulka.
- Xadka heerkulka (sida ku xusan IEC 60076-2):
- Kordhinta heerkulka saliida ee sare:Wax ka yar ama le'eg 60 k
- Kordhinta heerkulka dabaysha:Wax ka yar ama le'eg 65 k
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
Kordhinta heerkulka waa inuusan ka badneyn xadadka caadiga ah si looga fogaado in la dardar geliyo gabowga gabowga ama yareynta nolosha.


⚡2. Hillaac ka hortagga tijaabada
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo awooda Transformer ee u adkeysiga sare {0} "Korantada korantada ee ay keento hillaac ama beddelayaal da 'sareeya, gaar ahaan- qashin-qubka dabaysha.
🔧Habka:
- Dalbo heerka1.2 / 50 μs Hillaac hirar macaanadoo adeegsanaya matoor damiya.
- Codso 5 togan iyo 1 xun oo hirar buuxa oo kacsan oo u sarreeya dabaysha sare {-}}
- Hoos udhaca--} dabeysha korantada ah oo ay salka ku jirto.
- La socoshada mowjadaha mawjadaha ee dhalanrog, qayb ahaan, ama burburin.
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
Nolover, burburin, ama dheecaan qayb ahaan waa inay dhacdaa inta lagu gudajiro ama ka dib tijaabooyinka xiisaha leh.
🔩 3. Gaaban - wareegga wareega
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo xoogga farsamada iyo kuleylka ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha ciladaha, sida wareegga gaagaaban ee gaagaaban ee hooseeya-} dhinaca korantada.
🔧Habka:
- Short-circuit the low-voltage side.
- Ku dheji koronto sare--} ah oo ah dhinaca korantada si ay u dhaliyaanlagu qiimeeyay gaagaaban -} hada ah(Caadi ahaan 8-25 jeer ayaa lagu qiimeeyay hadda).
- Muddada:0.25 ilaa 2 sekan, ka dhigaya - dunida oo gaaban - dhacdooyin wareega.
- Cabir xuduudaha ka hor iyo ka dib imtixaanka:
- Caabbitaanka Dabaysha
- Natiijooyinka ayaa isu rogaya iyo caqabad
- Dhibcaha korantada
- Ikhtiyaar ah: Kala goynta si loo hubiyo in lagu hubiyo ciribtirka jirka ama barakaca dabaysha
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
Ma jiro cillad joogto ah ama nabaad-guurid cabirrada korantada baaritaanka ka dib.


🔊4. Cabbirka Heerka Sanqadha
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo cabbiro buuqa uu sameeyay beddelka inta lagu gudajiro hawlgalka, ugu horeyn sababtuna tahay xudunta magnet-ka-buugga, oo ay u xaqiijiso inay u hoggaansamaan xadka qaylada deegaanka.
🔧Habka:
- Ka tabar sarreynta sare {}}}-} dhinaca korantada lehkorantada lagu qiimeeyay, halka hoose {0}-} dhinaca korantada ay furan tahay (maya - xaalada culeyska).
- Ku samee tijaabada gudaha gudaha ama semi -} achicer acuckoic sida ku xusanIEC 60076-10amaIeee c57.12.90.
- Isticmaal amitirka heerarkain lagu cabbiro dhawaqa qaybo badan1 mitirka fog dusha sare ee isbeddelka.
- Soo sheegCelcelis ahaan ama ugu badnaan A {0 0}} Heerka Cadaadiska Cadaadiska ee Miisaaniyadda (DB [A]).
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Wax ka yar ama le'eg tahay 60-70 dB [a] aagagga warshadaha
- Wax ka yar ama le'eg 55 dB [a] deganaansho ama qaylo {{1} - jawiga xasaasiga ah
📋Jadwalka soo koobid ee tijaabooyinka nooca nooca
|
Maya. |
Shayga tijaabada |
Ujeeddo |
Soo Koobid Habka |
|
1 |
Imtixaanka Kordhinta heerkulka |
Xaqiiji xasilloonida kuleylka ee loo yaqaan 'MineMal' |
Tijaabada culeyska culeyska, cabirka dabaysha & saliida duufaanta |
|
2 |
Imtixaan tijaabo ah |
Hubso in dahaalku hor istaagi karo hillaaca |
Codso Heerka 1.2 / 50 μs μs Wave |
|
3 |
Gaagaaban |
Xaqiijinta jiritaanka farsamada / korantada |
Ku duro khaladka sareeya ee hadda muddo gaaban |
|
4 |
Cabbirka Heerka Dareenka |
Xaqiiji qaylada hawlgalku waxay ku jiraan xadka |
Maya - Imtixaanka culeyska, cabirka cadaadiska dhawaaqa 1m |
III. Tijaabooyin gaar ah oo loogu talagalay suufka - ah
Imtixaanno gaar ah ayaa loo sameeyaa si loo bixiyoMacluumaad dheeri ah oo ogaanshahaama hubi inaad u hoggaansamaanShuruudaha waxqabadka ee la xoojiyay. Iyagu qayb kama ahan tijaabooyinka caadiga ah ama nooca nooca, laakiin inta badan waxaa badanaa laga codsadaa isticmaaleyaasha codsiyada muhiimka ah ama qiimeynta xaalada.
1. Qeybta dheecaanka qayb ahaan (PD)
🔍 Ujeeddo:
Si loo ogaado dhibco daciif ah ama cilado ku jira nidaamka dahaarka (sida voids-ka, dildilaaca, ama geesaha fiiqan) ee u horseedi kara dheecaanno qayb ah iyo soo-gaadhsiin dhacdooyin ah.
🔧Habka:
- Apply voltage (usually 1.5 × rated phase-to-ground voltage) to the transformer windings.
- Isticmaal aPD cabbiraadda qalabkaSi loo kormeero waxqabadka dheecaanka (oo lagu cabiroPc- picocolounds).
- Tijaabada waxaa badanaa lagu sameeyaa hoos imanaya korantada iyo jawiga la xakameeyo.
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Sida laga soo xigtay IEC 60270 ama Ieee C57.1133.
- Heerka PD waa inuu ahaadaa< 10–50 pC(Waxay kuxirantahay fasalka korantada).
- Wax aan joogeyn ama kordhinin waxqabadka PD inta baaritaanka lagu jiro.


2. Saliida Burcadda Dielcage (BDV)
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo qiimeeyo awoodda saliida ee saliida ee looga hortago walaaca korantada, hubinta in aanu u nasiinaynin sababtuna tahay faddaraynta, qoyaanka, ama gabowga.
🔧Habka:
- Muunad saliid ka qaado haanta transformer.
- Ku rid unug tijaabo caadi ah oo lehLaba elektiroonish ahKu deji masaafad go'an (caadiyan 2.5 mm ama 4 mm).
- IsticmaashoAc korantada si tartiib tartiib ahilaa Dilectric Burburinta (spark) ay dhacdo.
- Tijaabada ayaa lagu soo celiyaa 5-6 jeer; Celcelis ahaan korantada burburka ayaa la xisaabiyaa.
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Saliida macdanta cusub:Ka weyn ama u dhigma 30-40 kv.
- Ee {{0-}}} saliidda adeegga:Ka weyn ama u dhigma 25 kV.
- Haddii natiijooyinka ay hooseeyaan, fuuqbaxa ama beddelaad saliid ayaa loo baahan karaa.
-
3. Falanqaynta jawaabta ee jawaabcelinta (SFRA)
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo ogaado barakaca farsamada ama cilladaha xudunta, dabaysha, ama xiritaanka dhismayaasha ka dib gaadiid, wareegyo gaagaaban, ama shoog farsamo.
🔧Habka:
- Codso ---} korantada guntin (caadi ahaan 10 hz - 2 mhz) dabaysha.
- Cabir oo diiwaan geli oo duub The Transformer'sSaxiixa Jawaabta Jawaabta.
- Isbarbar dhig natiijooyinka tixraac (asaaska warshadaha ama pre -} natiijada dhacdada).
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Ma jiro qiyam guud oo guud ah / fashilmay.
- Isbedelada dhibcaha asalka, weynaanta, ama xargaha soo noqnoqda ayaa laga yaabaa inay muujiyaan:
-
- Baaskiilka dabaysha
- Xurmada xudunta
- Dhaqdhaqaaqa hogaaminta
- Gaabannada gaagaaban


4. Falanqaynta gaaska kala diri (DGA)
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo ogaado calaamadaha hore ee kuleylka ama ciladaha korantada iyadoo la falanqayo gaasasku waxay ku milmaan saliida Transformer, kuwaas oo ah kuwa wax ku qoran ee nabaad-guurka.
🔧Habka:
- Qaado muunad saliid ah adoo isticmaalaya farsamada sambal qaadida saxda ah (si looga hortago faddaraynta hawada).
- IsticmaalKorofiska gaaskaSi loo cabiro gaasaska muhiimka ah:
- Hydrogen (h₂)
- Methane (ch₄)
- Ethylene (C₂h₄)
- Acetylne (c₂h₂)
- Kaarboon monoksaydh (CO)
- Kaarboon dioxide (Co₂)
- Falanqee isticmaalka heerarka sidaIEC 60599, Ieee c57.104amaSaddex-xagalka DuvalHabka.
✅Fasiraadda:
- Heerarka gaaska ee hooseeya: gabowga caadiga ah ama aan firfircoonayn.
- Handrocarbons-ka kor u kacay: Kuleyl kuleyl ah
- Acetylene sare (c₂h₂): waxay u badan tahay inay ku dhacdo gudaha.
- Saamiga CO / co₂ saamiga: Naxdinta Dambiilaha waraaqaha.
5. Baadhitaanka Tooska ah (Tantaanta & Nidaamka rinjiga & rinjiga)
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo hubiyo in transformpormer '(sida caadiga ah bir bir ah) iyo nidaamkeeda dahaarka ah waxay ka hortagi kartaa xarkaha, gaar ahaan meelaha banaanka ah ama xeebta.
🔧Habka:
- Kormeerka muuqaalka ee miridhku, finanka, dillaaca, ama saqafka geeska.
- Cabirka cabirrada rinjiga adoo adeegsanayaFilimka Fulinta Fudud ee Fudud.
- Tijaabada lagu buufiyo milixda (halkii ASTM B117) ama imtixaanka qolka huurka.
- Qiimee adhesion dabada (iskutallaabta- dillaac ama jiid - ka baxsan tijaabada).
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Ma jiro dhibco miridhsan oo muuqda.
- Xaddada qafiifka ah ayaa buuxisa qeexitaanka (caadi ahaan> 80-120 μm).
- Qiimaynta rinjiga careysiyada ka weyn ama u dhigma fasalka 3b (halkii astm d3359 ama ISO 2409).
-


6. Tijaabada shaqada ee qalabka
🔍Ujeeddo:
Si loo xaqiijiyo in dhammaan waxyaabaha lagu rakibay dhammaan waxyaabaha lagu rakibay ay si sax ah u shaqeeyaan oo ay si sax ah ugu dhexgalaan hawlgalka beddelka.
🔧Waxaa ka mid ah:
- Qalabka gargaarka cadaadiska cadaadiska: Waxay ku hawlayaan cadaadis cayiman; Jadwalka maqalka ama aragga.
- Heerka Heerka Saliida: Akhriska saxda ah ee heerkulka qalliinka.
- Tilmaamayaasha heerkulka: Kuleyl kululaynta oo hubi jawaabta farsamada / elektiroonigga ah.
- Buchholz Relay (haddii goob joog): Uruurinta gaaska ama saliida saliidda.
- Taabasho Badbaadinta:
- Buug-gacmeedka: Hubi hawlgal jilicsan iyo sii wadista.
- Si otomaatig ah (haddii OLTC ay jirto): calaamadaha xakamaynta xakamaynta oo lagu hubiyo isbedelka talaabada.
✅Shuruudaha aqbalaadda:
- Dhammaan agabyada waa inay si sax ah u shaqeeyaan iyada oo aan lahayn baxsi, dib u dhac, ama luminta luminta.
- Qalliinka iyo jawaabta waa inay ahaadaan kuwo u dhexeeya dulqaadka.
📋 Soo Koobid Shaxda imtixaannada gaarka ah
|
Maya. |
Magaca imtixaanka |
Ujeeddo |
Heerka Furaha / Qoraallada |
|
1 |
Tijaabada qayb ahaan |
Ku xushay ciladaha dahaarka |
IEC 60270 / IEEE C57.113 |
|
2 |
Tijaabada burburka shiil |
Qiimee xoogga dahabka saliida |
ASTM D1816 / IEC 60156 |
|
3 |
SFRA (jawaabcelinta soo noqnoqda) |
Ogaada barakaca / barakaca codka |
Ieee c57.149 |
|
4 |
DGA (Falanqaynta Gaaska Kala Duwday) |
Aqoonso ciladaha korantada / kuleylka |
IEC 60599 / IEEE C57.104 |
|
5 |
Baadhitaan iyo Codsi Dabool |
Hubso in Long -}} Ilaalinta Biin-da |
ASTM B117, D3359 / ISO 2409 |
|
6 |
Imtixaanka Waxqabadka ee Qalabka |
Xaqiiji hawlgalka saxda ah ee aaladaha oo dhan |
Sheegashada Soo-saaraha / IEC |
U dir sooji

