Beddelka Jidka Tareenka: Noocyada, Tilmaamaha iyo Codsiyada

 

Hordhac

tareenada xawaaraha sare leh, taraamka, tareenada fudud, metros, iyo tareenada caadiga ah dhamaantood waxay ku xidhan yihiin sahay koronto oo la isku halayn karo si ay ugu shaqeeyaan si badbaado leh oo hufan. Korontadan waxaa ka danbeysa noocyo kala duwan oo tareenno gaar ah, oo loogu talagalay in lagu beddelo oo loo qaybiyo awoodda korantada ee qaybaha kala duwan ee nidaamka koronto-siinta tareenka. Waxaa ka mid ah.jiididTransformersdoor muhiim ah ka ciyaara. Waxaa loo adeegsadaa saldhigyada kala jiidashada tareenada iyo, codsiyada qaarkood, tareenada korkooda si loogu beddelo tamarta korantada iyo qaabeynta looga baahan yahay nidaamyada jiidista tareenka. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku sharxaynaa waxa uu yahay Transformer-ka tareenada, sida ay u shaqeeyaan Transformers-ka, noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee Transformers-ka tareenada, tilmaamahooda muhiimka ah, iyo sida loo doorto transformer-ka saxda ah ee nidaamka tamarta tareenka.

 

Waa maxay transformer-ka jiida tareenka?

Transformer-ka tareenka waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo nidaamyada korontaynta tareenada si loogu beddelo, loo go'doomiyo, loona qaybiyo awoodda korontada ee tareenada iyo qalabka la xiriira. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu muhiimsan waa Transformer-ka jiidashada, kaas oo siiya tamarta nidaamka jiidista tareenada.

Transformer-ka jiida tareenka, sidoo kale loo yaqaan transformer awood jiidis ah, sida caadiga ah u beddela koronto sare -Voltajka AC korantada shabkada ama shabakadda saadka tareenka oo u beddela danab ku habboon nidaamka jiidashada. Waxaa caadi ahaan lagu rakibaa saldhiga jiidka tareenada, halkaas oo ay ku siiso koronto korka sare ee catenary ama nidaamka saddexaad{2}} tareenada. Qaar ka mid ah transformers jiidashada ayaa sidoo kale loogu talagalay in si toos ah loogu rakibo tareenada korontada ku shaqeeya.

Si ka duwan transformers-ka awooda caadiga ah, transformer-ku waa in uu wax ka qabtaa isbeddellada soo noqnoqda ee degdegga ah ee culeyska. Dardargelinta tareenku waxay sababi kartaa koror degdeg ah wakhtigan, halka bareegga iyo isbeddelka hawlgalka tareenka ay soo saari karaan kala duwanaansho dheeraad ah culeyska korantada. Sidaa darteed, Transformers jiid-jiidista tareenada waxaa loogu talagalay hawlgal lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ay ku jiraan culeysyo firfircoon, cadaadis koronto, gariir, iyo xaaladaha kale ee baahida tareenka.

Si loo helo hordhac ballaadhan oo ku saabsan dhismaha transformer-ka jiidashada iyo qaybaha

noo aragDulmarka Transformer jiid jiid.

 

3. Mabaadi'da Shaqaynta Transformer Tareenka

Transformer-ka tareen mabda'a shaqada wuxuu ku salaysan yahay kicinta korantada. Qayb ka mid ah isgoysyada jiid-jiidka, transformer-ku waxa uu hoos u dhigaa mid sare{1}}Korantada korantada ee shabkada ama shabkada korantada tareenada ilaa danab ku haboon nidaamka jiidista tareenka.

Sare - Gelida Voltage: Korontada ka timaada khadadka sare ama sadexaad -Nidaamka tareenada waxaa lagu shubaa dabaylaha koowaad ee transformerka tareenka. Korantada wax soo galinta waxay u dhaxaysaa 15 kV ilaa 25kV, iyadoo ku xidhan habka tareenka.

 

Isbedelka Voltage:Galida sare -Voltage gelinta waxa ay xoojisaa dabaylaha aasaasiga ah oo waxa ay abuurtaa bedbeddelka magnetic xudunta beddelka. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo soo-saarka korantada, goobtan birlabku waxa ay keentaa danab hoose oo dabaysha labaad ah, iyada oo danabku uu go'aaminayo saamiga beddelka beddelka.

 

Xeerka Korantada: Transformer-ka tareenku waxa uu hagaajiyaa danabka si uu u waafajiyo shuruudaha nidaamka jiidista tareenka, sida caadiga ah waxa hoos u dhigaya heerka danab hoose oo ku haboon qalabka kicinta ee tareenka.

 

Bixinta Awoodda: Awoodda la beddelay ayaa markaa la geeyaa nidaamka jiidashada, oo ay ku jiraan matoorada jiidista ama qalabka kale ee korka, taas oo awood u siinaysa tareenku inuu shaqeeyo.

 

Ilaalinta & XakamayntaTransformers Tareenadu waa in ay qabtaan labadaba tamar sare iyo dalabaadka culayska kala duwan inta lagu jiro hawlgalka tareenka. Aaladaha ilaalinta sida wareegyada wareegyada iyo dareemayaasha waxay la socdaan heerkulka, tamarta, iyo hadda si loo xaqiijiyo hawlgal badbaado leh oo la isku halayn karo.

 

Jawaab celin & toosin: Korjoogteynta joogtada ah waxay u ogolaataa nidaamku inuu ka jawaabo isbeddelada culeyska iyo xaaladaha shaqada, caawinta ilaalinta waxqabadka xasilloon iyo ka hortagga fashilka.

 

4. Noocyada Transformers Tareenka

Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo ah transformers-ta tareenada, naqshadahooduna way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran nidaamka sahayda tamarta tareenka, goobta rakibida, iyo codsiga. Noocyada ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah transformers jiidashada taagan, korka jiidida, auto{1}}transformers, iyo multi{2}}

 

4.1 Transformers Traction Joogta ah

Transformers jiidashada taagan ayaa lagu rakibay saldhigyada tareenada ee ku teedsan khadka tareenka. Waxay hoos u dhigaan sare -Korantada korantada ee shabkada ama shabkada korantada tareenada ka hor intaysan siin korontada tareenka iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka catenary ee sare ama tareenka saddexaad.

Transformers-yadan waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa nidaamyada korontadda tareenada si ay u bixiyaan koronto deggan oo la isku halayn karo oo tareenada korontada ku shaqeeya.

 

4.2 Transformers Traction onboard

Transformers jiidida dusha sare ayaa si toos ah loogu rakibay tareenada korontada ku shaqeeya ama meelaha lugaha leh. Waxay leeyihiin naqshad cufan oo fudud sababtoo ah waa inay la socdaan tareenka inta ay la tacaalayaan baahida sare ee nidaamka jiidista.{1}

Transformers-yadani waxay koronto ka helaan nidaamka sare ee tareenka waxayna hoos ugu dhigaan danab ku habboon jiida tareenka iyo qalabka korontada.

 

4.3 Gawaarida jiidista -Badelayaasha

Gawaarida jiidista -transformers waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamyada tamarta tareenka, gaar ahaan -voltage iyo sare - codsiyada xadiidka xadiidka. Waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​ilaalinta danabka loo baahan yahay ee ku teedsan khadka tareenka waxayna yareyn karaan hoos u dhaca korantada iyo khasaaraha korontada ee masaafo dheer.

Si ka duwan labada caadiga ah -Transformers, auto{1}}transformer-ku wuxuu isticmaalaa dabaylo caadi ah qayb ka mid ah wareegyada hoose iyo sare.

 

4.4 Badan -Beddelayaasha Jiidista Nidaamka

Transformers Multi{0}Systems traction tractions waxaa loogu talagalay tareenada korontada ku shaqeeya ee ka shaqeeya guud ahaan shabakadaha tareenada ee leh habab koronto oo kala duwan. Waxay qaadi karaan koronto sahayda kala duwan iyo soo noqnoqoshada, taasoo u oggolaanaysa tareenada inay ka shaqeeyaan gobollada ama waddamada leh heerarka tamarta tareenka ee kala duwan.

 

4.5 Transformers ee AC iyo DC Nidaamyada jiidista

Transformers jiid-jiidista tareenada waxaa sidoo kale loo kala saari karaa iyadoo loo eegayo nooca sahayda tamarta tareenka.

Transformers-ka AC waxa loo adeegsadaa nidaamyada korantada tareenada AC, oo ay ku jiraan qaar badan oo -masfo dheer iyo mid sare{1}}shabakadaha xadiidka. Waxay hoos u dhigaan koronta AC ee soo galaya ilaa heerka looga baahan yahay nidaamka jiidista tareenka.

Nidaamyada jiidashada DC waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa tareenada metro, taraamka, iyo tareenada xaafadaha. Nidaamyadan, Transformers ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa dib-u-habeeyayaal si loogu beddelo awoodda AC ee soo socota awoodda DC ee looga baahan yahay nidaamka tareenka.

Doorashada transformer-ka tareenka waxay ku xiran tahay nidaamka koronto-siinta tareenka, tamarta iyo inta jeer, nooca rakibaadda, shuruudaha tareenka, iyo xaaladaha shaqada.

 

5. Codsiyada Transformers Traction Railway

Transformers jiidashada tareenada waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa hababka tareenada ee korontada ku shaqeeya si ay u bixiyaan awood la isku halayn karo ee tareenada iyo qalabka tareenada ee la xidhiidha. Codsigoodu way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo loo eegayo nooca tareenada, tareenka, iyo nidaamka korantada.

 

6. Naqshadeynta Tareenka Tareenka ee Tareenka iyo Naqshadeynta

Naqshadeynta beddelka jiidista waxay ku xiran tahay nidaamka koronto-siinta tareenka, nooca rakibaadda, heerka korantada, shuruudaha tamarta, iyo xaaladaha shaqada. Marka la barbar dhigo koronto-baddeyaasha caadiga ah, tareennada tareenku waxay u baahan yihiin inay u adkeystaan ​​isbeddellada culeyska ee soo noqnoqda, gariirka farsamada, culeyska korantada, iyo shuruudaha shaqada ee dalbanaya.

 

6.1 Core and Windings

Xudunta is beddelka ayaa bixisa waddo hoose - oo loogu talagalay qulqulka magnetic inta u dhaxaysa dabaylaha. Qalabka asaasiga ah ee tayada sare leh - iyo dhismo adag ayaa ka caawiya transformer-ku inuu sii wado waxqabadka la isku halayn karo ee culaysyada tareenka ee isbedbeddelaya.

Dabaylaha waxaa loo qaabeeyey iyadoo loo eegayo tamarta loo baahan yahay iyo qiyaasta awoodda. Qalab tayo sare leh oo - iyo hababka dahaarka ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu bixiyo xoogga makaanikada iyo dahaarka korantada ee looga baahan yahay codsiyada tareenka.

 

6.2 Voltage iyo Frequency

Tilmaamaha is beddelka jiidista waxay ku xiran yihiin nidaamka korontada ee tareenka. Heerarka saadka tareenka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC - loo isticmaalo shabakadaha tareenada Yurub qaarkood.
• 25 kV, 50/60 Hz AC - oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo koronto-siinta jidadka tareenka.
• 1.5 kV DC iyo 3 kV DC nidaamyada jiidashada - ee loo isticmaalo shabakadaha tareenada magaalooyinka iyo kuwa caadiga ah.

Korontada wax soo saarka ayaa lagu doortaa iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha nidaamka jiidashada iyo qalabka korantada ee hoose.

 

6.3 Qiimaynta Awoodda

Qiimaynta isbedbedelka jiidista ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu qeexaa kVA ama MVA waxayna ku xidhan tahay tareenka, shabakada tareenka, iyo culayska la filayo. Codsiyada kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan qiimeyn koronto oo kala duwan, laga bilaabo cutubyada yaryar ee tareenka fudud iyo taraamka ilaa sare -Transformers ee awooda sare - tareenada xawaaraha sare iyo kuwa culus -Nidaamka tareenada waajibka ah.

Transformer waa in sidoo kale loo qaabeeyey inuu u adkaysto - rarka muddada gaaban iyo isbeddellada degdega ah ee rarka inta lagu jiro dardargelinta tareenka, biriiga, iyo hawlgalka caadiga ah.

 

6.4 Qaboojinta iyo Dhismaha

Transformers jiidashada waxay isticmaali karaan habab qaboojin oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran rakibaadda iyo shuruudaha tamarta.

Saliida -Transformers-ka la quusiyay waxay u isticmaalaan dareere daaha qaboojinta iyo dahaadhka labadaba.

Nooca qalalan{0}Transformers waxay u isticmaalaan hawo qaboojinta iyo alaabta dahaadhka adag, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku haboon codsiyada meelaha aan saliidda la door bidin.

Codsiyada korka saaran, transformer-ku waa inuu sidoo kale la kulmaa meel adag iyo shuruudaha miisaanka. Iyadoo ku xidhan naqshada tareenka, transformers waxa lagu rakibi karaa qolalka mishiinada, sagxada hoosteeda, meelaha sagxada hoose{1}} ama saqafka dushiisa.

 

6.5 Tuubada Beddelka iyo Xeerka Korantada

Beddelka tuubada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hagaajiyo korantada transformerka iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha nidaamka awooda tareenka. Iyada oo ku xidhan arjiga, transformer-ku waxa uu isticmaali karaa -load tap changer (OLTC) ama off{2}}

OLTC-gu waxa uu hagaajin karaa danabku inta uu tamar-beerehu weli tamar sii jiro, halka damisa{0}kumbuyuutarku u baahan yahay in taransfooriyaha la gooyo ka hor inta aan booska tuubada la beddelin.

 

6.6 Waxtarka iyo khasaaraha tamarta

Transformers-ka jiidashada waxaa loogu talagalay hufnaan sare sababtoo ah waxay ku shaqeeyaan hoos u dhac joogto ah oo isbeddelaya xaaladaha culeyska. Khasaaraha tamarta ee inta badan waxaa ka mid ah khasaaraha asaasiga ah iyo luminta culeyska.

• Khasaaraha asaasiga ah: Inta badan waxaa sababa xiiq-dheerta iyo qulqulka qulqulka ee xudunta beddelka. Khasaarahaasi wuxuu ahaanayaa mid xasiloon marka tamarta la tamariyo.
• Qasaaraha rarka: Inta badan waxaa sababa iska caabin dabaysha oo kor u kaca iyada oo la socota afargeeska culeyska hadda.
• Khasaare kale: Khasaaraha khaldan, khasaaraha korontada ku shaqeeya, iyo awoodda ay isticmaalaan qalabka qaboojinta ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysan kara khasaaraha guud.

Waxtarka dhabta ah iyo khasaaruhu waxay ku xiran yihiin naqshada beddelka, awoodda la qiimeeyay, qalabka, habka qaboojinta, iyo culeyska hawlgalka. Sidaa darteed, waxtarka beddelka iyo qiyamka lumitaanka waa in lagu qiimeeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha mashruuca ee gaarka ah iyo heerarka lagu dabaqi karo.

 

6.7 Ilaalinta iyo Imtixaanka

Ilaalinta la isku halayn karo waa lama huraan sababtoo ah transformers jiid-jiidayaashu waxay ku hoos shaqeeyaan culays koronto iyo firfircooni sare leh. Ilaalinta caadiga ah iyo hawlaha la socodka waxaa ka mid ah:

• Ilaalinta joogtada ah
• Ilaalinta korantada xad dhaafka ah
• Kormeerka heerkulka
• Kormeerka dahaarka
• Ilaalinta khaladka dhulka

Tijaabada beddelka jiidista ayaa la sameeyaa si loo xaqiijiyo waxqabadka korantada, xoogga dahaarka, waxqabadka heerkulka, iyo isku halaynta guud ka hor inta aan qalabka beddelka la gelin adeegga.

Tilmaamaha beddelka jiidista ugu dambeeya iyo qiimeynta waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo nidaamka danabka tareenka, inta jeer, baahida koronta, shuruudaha rakibaadda, habka qaboojinta, iyo heerarka lagu dabaqi karo.

 

6.8 Caqabadaha Naqshadaynta Furaha

Transformers jiid-jiidista tareenada waxay u baahan yihiin inay isku dheelitiraan shuruudo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan:

Awood sare: Xakamee culeysyada sare oo degdega isu beddelaya.

Maamulka kulaylka: Kala saar kulaylka marka la eego shuruudaha shaqada ee dalbanaya.

Awood makaanikU adkeyso gariirka iyo walbahaarka farsamada.

CufnaantaLa kulan xaddidnaanta booska iyo miisaanka, gaar ahaan codsiyada dusha sare.

Kalsoonida: Joogtaynta hawlgal xasiloon oo leh dayactirka ugu yar.

 

7. Sida loo doorto Beddelka Jidka Tareenka?

Xulashada beddelka tareenka saxda ah waxay ku xiran tahay nidaamka awoodda tareenka, shuruudaha culeyska, shuruudaha rakibida, iyo heerarka la adeegsan karo. Kahor intaadan dalban dalabka, waa muhiim inaad xaqiijiso tilmaamahan muhiimka ah ee soo socda.

 

7.1 Awoodda la qiimeeyay iyo korantada

Transformer-ku waa inuu lahaadaa awood ku filan oo uu ku maareeyo culeyska tareenka ee la filayo, oo ay ku jiraan culeyska ugu sarreeya iyo beddelka inta lagu jiro hawlgalka. Awoodda la qiimeeyay ee loo baahan yahay iyo heerka sare - waa in lagu go'aamiyaa si waafaqsan nidaamka sahayda tamarta tareenka.

SCOTECH waxay ku siin kartaa koronto-sameeyayaal leh awood la qiimeeyay ilaa 100 MVA oo lagu qiimeeyay danab sare ilaa 132 kV, oo leh qiimeyn la habeeyey oo la heli karo iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha mashruuca.

 

7.2 Shuruudaha Xiriirinta iyo Wajiga

Isku xirka beddelka waa inuu waafaqaa nidaamka jiidista tareenka iyo qaabaynta sahayda korontada. Codsiyada kala duwan ee tareenada ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan habayn weji oo kala duwan iyo isku xirka dabaylaha.

Ikhtiyaarada isku xirka la heli karo waxaa ka mid ah:

• YN,d11
• YN,d11,d5
• V₀V₀
• Scott {{0}ku xidhan yahay (3-waji/2-waji)
• Leblanc{0}ku xidhan yahay (3-waji/2-waji)
• Woodbridge{{0}ku xidhan yahay (3-waji/2-waji)

 

7.3 Dhexdhexaadinta Dahaarka iyo Qaboojinta

Doorashada dhexdhexaadinta daboolka iyo qaboojinta waxay kuxirantahay jawiga rakibaadda, shuruudaha waxqabadka, iyo qeexida mashruuca.

SCOTECH waxay bixin kartaa doorashooyin kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan FR3, saliidda macdanta, silicone, hydrocarbon, iyo saliidda cuntada.

Nidaamyada qaboojinta sidoo kale waxaa loo habayn karaa iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaynta wax beddelka iyo codsiga, iyada oo la heli karo hiitarka galvanized ama ahama-

 

7.4 Haanta iyo Agabka

Taangiga beddelka iyo daboolku waa inay bixiyaan awood farsamo oo ku filan iyo ilaalinta qaybaha gudaha. Iyada oo ku xidhan shuruudaha mashruuca, SCOTECH waxay bixisaa bir khafiif ah ama ahama{1}

Qalab dheeri ah ayaa sidoo kale la habeyn karaa, oo ay ku jiraan:

• Buchholz soo gudbin
• Transformer hadda (CT)
• Daar - beddelka tabaha shubka (OLTC)
• sanduuqa Marshalling
• Tilmaamaha heerkulka dabaylaha
• Qalabka kale ee la socodka iyo ilaalinta

 

7.5 Waxyeelada iyo Shuruudaha Gaarka ah

Transformer impedance waxay saamaysaa nidaaminta korantada iyo waxqabadka wareegga gaaban -, marka waa in lagu doortaa si waafaqsan shuruudaha nidaamka tareenka.

SCOTECH waxay taageertaa is-hortaagga caadada ah waxayna bixin kartaa gaashaan koronto marka loo baahdo. Halbeegyada wax-soo-saarka kale ayaa sidoo kale lagu habeyn karaa iyadoo loo eegayo qeexida mashruuca.

 

7.6 Heerarka iyo Imtixaanka

Transformers-yada tareenada waa in loo qaabeeyaa laguna tijaabiyaa si waafaqsan heerarka looga baahan yahay mashruuca iyo suuqa gaarka ah. SCOTECH waxay naqshadaysaa taransfoorayaasha si waafaqsan IEC, ANSI/IEEE, NEMA, CSA, iyo heerarka kale ee khuseeya.

Kahor intaadan dooran transformer-ka tareenka, xaqiiji heerka korantada ee loo baahan yahay, danab, inta jeer, isku xirka, dahaarka iyo qaboojinta dhexdhexaadiyaha, impedance, accessories, xaaladaha rakibaadda, iyo heerarka lagu dabaqi karo. Siinta tafaasiishan soo saaraha transformer-ka waxa ay gacan ka gaysanaysaa in la hubiyo in nashqada ugu danbeysa ay la jaanqaado nidaamka awooda tareenka iyo shuruudaha hawlgalka.